Pedestrians
When turning at junctions, give way to people crossing or waiting to cross.
Learner resources · Cardiff
UK Road Rules
UK Road Rules
for Learner Drivers
Know the rules. Understand the road. Build your confidence with practical guidance on signs, speed limits and safer driving in Cardiff.
For car learners in Great Britain · Includes Welsh speed limit guidance
From theory to the road
Small details. Safer decisions.
Learn what to look for—and how to respond.
Understanding the Highway Code
The Highway Code explains the responsibilities of road users. Use this guide alongside the official Code and your driving lessons.
MUST / MUST NOT
Identifies a legal requirement.
SHOULD / SHOULD NOT
Important guidance that may be used as evidence in legal proceedings.
Road Markings
Markings work with road signs to guide your position and explain restrictions.
Stop and Give Way lines: where to stop or assess priority.
Lane arrows: directions associated with each lane.
Double white lines: restrictions depend on the line nearest you.
Yellow lines: waiting restrictions; check the relevant times.
Crossing zigzags: restrictions protecting visibility.
Junctions and Give Way Rules
Approach at a speed that gives you time to observe and respond. Stop behind the line at a STOP sign; at a Give Way junction, stop if necessary and proceed only when safe.
- Look carefully
Check for people and traffic around the junction.
- Allow time
Give yourself space to assess the situation.
- Move when safe
Do not rely on another vehicle’s indicator alone.
Roundabout Rules
Choose your lane using signs and markings. Normally give priority to traffic approaching from your right, unless directed otherwise.
| Your direction | General approach |
|---|---|
| First exit left | Left lane · signal left |
| Exit to the right | Right lane · signal right |
| Intermediate exit | Appropriate lane · normally no approach signal |
For intermediate or right-hand exits, signal left after the preceding exit. Always follow the actual layout.
Pedestrian Crossings
Look ahead for crossings and people approaching them.
- Zebra crossings
Give way to people waiting; you must give way once they are on the crossing.
- Parallel crossings
Provided for pedestrians and cyclists. Give way to those waiting and those crossing.
- Signal-controlled crossings
Obey the lights and allow people already crossing to clear your path.
Motorway and Dual-Carriageway Safety
A central reservation separates opposing traffic on a dual carriageway. Lane count alone does not define it.
- Check the applicable speed limit; do not assume 70mph.
- Keep left unless overtaking or directed otherwise.
- Check mirrors and blind spots before changing lanes.
- Maintain a safe following gap and obey red X closures.
Learners on motorways: an approved driving instructor and a dual-control car are required.
Sharing the Road Safely
The hierarchy of road users places greater responsibility on those whose vehicles can cause the greatest harm.
Cyclists
Avoid cutting across their path. Allow at least 1.5m when passing at up to 30mph, and more at higher speeds.
Motorcyclists
Check carefully before moving. Riders can be difficult to see.
Horse riders
Pass below 10mph and leave at least 2m. Wait if a safe pass is not possible.
Road Safety Tips for Cardiff Learners
- Check limits: think 20mph on street-lit residential roads unless signed otherwise.
- Read ahead: notice lane arrows and destination signs early.
- Remove distractions: put your phone away before moving.
- Ask questions: tell your instructor when something is unclear.
- Review one skill: choose a specific improvement for your next lesson.
Common Mistakes Learners Should Avoid
| Common mistake | Better approach |
|---|---|
| Following another driver’s speed | Identify the limit yourself |
| Choosing lanes by exit number alone | Follow signs and markings |
| Missing the plate beneath a sign | Read the complete instruction |
| Rushing a junction decision | Allow time for effective observation |
| Memorising routes without understanding | Explain why each action was appropriate |
Ready to build your confidence on the road?
Turn what you know into practical driving skills with Driving Portal.
Further reading: The official Highway Code Welsh speed limit guidance
